Abstract: The Wuyuer River basin in Heilongjiang Province is an endemic area with a high incidence of Keshan and Kashin-Beck diseases. This study investigated the distribution characteristics of the total content and available contents of the trace elements necessary for plants (i.e., B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, and Zn) in the Wuyuer River basin using the 1:250 000 land quality geochemical survey data of the black land in northeast China. The results are as follows. ①The soil in the basin is highly rich in Mn, rich in Fe, moderately rich in Cu and Mo, and deficient in B and Zn. ②All the trace elements have natural contents and are not rich or deficient in the surface and deep soils of the basin, except for Mo, which is slightly depleted in the soils. ③The soil in the basin is highly rich in available Cu and Fe, rich in available Mn, moderately rich in available B and Zn, and deficient in available Mo. ④It is recommended that Mo fertilizer should be applied in blocks deficient in Mo to increase the content of available Mo in the soil and to improve the yield and quality of agricultural products.